The preposition 'de' in Spanish indicates possession, origin, material, and other relationships.
preposition
Meaning: of
El libro de María está en la mesa.
Maria's book is on the table.
Meaning: from
Vengo de España.
I come from Spain.
Meaning: about
Hablamos de política.
We are talking about politics.
Meaning: by
Un cuadro pintado por Picasso.
A painting by Picasso.
Meaning: with
Juego con mis amigos.
I play with my friends.
A1: Vivo en el centro de la ciudad.
I live in the city center.
A1: El libro es de mi hermana.
The book is my sister's.
A1: Salgo de la oficina a las cinco.
I leave the office at five.
B1: Me gusta el sabor de la comida mexicana.
I like the taste of Mexican food.
B1: Estoy cansado de estudiar todo el día.
I am tired of studying all day.
B1: No tengo ganas de ir al cine hoy.
I don't feel like going to the movies today.
C1: La película trata sobre la vida de un famoso escritor.
The movie is about the life of a famous writer.
C1: Me he dado cuenta de que necesito hacer cambios en mi vida.
I have realized that I need to make changes in my life.
C1: Estoy seguro de que ganaremos el partido.
I am sure we will win the game.
The preposition 'de' is one of the most common words in the Spanish language. It has multiple meanings and uses depending on the context. One of its main functions is to indicate possession, similar to the English preposition 'of'. For example, 'el libro de María' means 'Maria's book'.
In addition to indicating possession, 'de' is also used to express origin or source. For instance, 'soy de México' means 'I am from Mexico'. Similarly, it can be used to describe material composition, such as 'una taza de café' meaning 'a cup of coffee'.
Furthermore, 'de' is often used to establish various relationships between nouns or pronouns. It can indicate the subject or object of a verb, as well as the cause or reason for an action. For example, 'tengo miedo de los perros' means 'I am afraid of dogs', where 'de los perros' expresses the object of fear.